Which PCI DSS requirement specifically addresses the protection of passwords?

Requirement 5 specifically addresses the protection of passwords, particularly in the context of securing systems against malware and ensuring that sufficient protective measures are in place for all sensitive information, including passwords. This requirement emphasizes the need for strong anti-virus programs, the updating of software to mitigate vulnerabilities, and the necessity of securing any system-level accounts that could be exploited by attackers.

In relation to password protection specifically, PCI DSS mentions ensuring that passwords and other sensitive authentication data are protected and not easily accessible to unauthorized individuals or systems. This can include the measures taken to create, store, and transmit passwords securely to maintain their integrity.

The other choices focus on different aspects of PCI DSS compliance. Data retention, firewalls, and the use of vendor-supplied defaults address separate elements of security that do not specifically focus on password management and protection. Therefore, Requirement 5 is the most relevant and directly related to the protection of passwords.